In a digital world filled with bots and deepfakes, proving someone is a real person is one of the biggest challenges we face. Trust is collapsing online, and every login is a moment of risk. How can you be certain the user accessing your critical systems is your employee and not an attacker who stole their credentials? The answer lies in building a stronger foundation for digital identity. True security starts with phishing-resistant authentication, a method that verifies a user’s identity with cryptographic proof that can’t be stolen or faked. It’s about moving beyond secrets that can be shared and toward verifiable proof of human presence, restoring integrity to every interaction.
Key Takeaways
- Go Beyond Standard MFA to Stop Phishing: Traditional multi-factor authentication, like SMS codes, can still be stolen by clever attackers. Phishing-resistant methods are different because they use cryptography to tie your login to the real website, making your credentials useless on a fake one.
- Combine Hardware, Action, and Cryptography for Real Security: This approach works by verifying something you physically have (like a security key), an action you take (like a fingerprint scan), and a technical proof that can’t be forged. This layered defense stops attackers even if they manage to trick a user.
- Plan a Phased Rollout for Measurable Success: Implementing this technology is a strategic project, not just a technical one. Start with your most critical teams, provide clear training, and track security metrics to show a tangible reduction in account takeovers and prove the value of your investment.
What Is Phishing-Resistant Authentication?
Let’s get straight to it: phishing-resistant authentication is a way of proving you are who you say you are online, without using secrets that can be stolen. Think about passwords, SMS codes, or those one-time passcodes from an app. A clever scammer can trick you into giving those away. Phishing-resistant methods, on the other hand, use advanced security that’s tied directly to a device you physically possess.
This approach creates a secure, private link between you, your device, and the website or service you’re trying to access. The core idea is to remove the “phishable” element, the secret that can be intercepted and used by an attacker. Instead of relying on something you know (like a password) or a temporary code you receive, this method relies on cryptographic proof from a device you have. It’s a fundamental shift in how we establish trust online, making it incredibly difficult for attackers to impersonate you, even if they manage to fool you into visiting a fake website.
How Is It Different from Traditional Methods?
You’re probably already familiar with multi-factor authentication (MFA), which adds a second layer of security on top of your password. This often involves getting a text message with a code or approving a push notification on your phone. While that’s a great step up from passwords alone, it’s not foolproof. These traditional MFA methods can still be bypassed by sophisticated phishing attacks.
Phishing-resistant MFA is different because it doesn’t involve a shared secret that an attacker can intercept. Instead of you typing a code from one place to another, it uses stronger methods like public key cryptography. Your device, whether it’s your laptop, phone, or a physical security key, proves your identity directly to the service. The best part? This process is often faster and easier for the user, turning a high-security action into a simple tap or biometric scan.
Why Passwords and Standard MFA Aren’t Enough
The hard truth is that most data breaches start with a compromised password or credential. Phishing attacks, where scammers use fake emails and websites to steal login details, are behind the majority of successful attacks on company networks. And unfortunately, many common forms of MFA just aren’t designed to stop these advanced threats. An attacker can create a fake login page that looks identical to the real one and simply pass your password and one-time code to the actual site in real time, logging in as you.
This is why security experts and government agencies are pushing for a move toward truly phishing-resistant solutions. Methods that rely on public key cryptography, like the FIDO/WebAuthn standard, create a bond to the real website, so they won’t work on a phishing site. This effectively shuts down the most common path attackers use to gain access, protecting your accounts and company data from being compromised.
How Does Phishing-Resistant Authentication Work?
So, what’s the secret behind phishing-resistant authentication? It’s not magic, but it is a clever combination of modern cryptography and simple user actions. At its core, this method creates a secure, unbreakable link between you, your device, and the service you’re trying to access. Instead of relying on secrets that can be stolen, like passwords or one-time codes sent via text, it relies on verifiable proof that can’t be easily forged or phished. This is a huge shift from traditional methods that are vulnerable to social engineering and credential theft.
This approach fundamentally changes the login process. It moves away from asking “what do you know?” (a password) to proving “what you have” (a registered device) and “who you are” (a biometric or physical action). This is accomplished through three key principles working in concert: strong cryptography tied to your device, a requirement for you to physically interact with that device, and a mechanism that ensures your credentials only work on the legitimate website. Together, these elements create a barrier that even the most convincing phishing scams can’t break through. Let’s look at how each piece of this puzzle works.
Using Public Key Cryptography and Device Binding
Think of public key cryptography as a sophisticated digital lock and key. When you register your device with a service, it creates a unique pair of cryptographic keys. The “public key,” or the lock, is shared with the website. The “private key,” which is the only key that can open the lock, is stored securely on your device and never leaves it.
When you log in, the website sends a challenge, and your device uses its private key to sign it and send it back. This signature proves you have the correct key without ever exposing the key itself. This process is central to modern standards like FIDO2 and WebAuthn. Because no shared secret is ever transmitted, there’s nothing for an attacker to intercept. This credential is also bound directly to your hardware, meaning it can’t be copied or moved to another device.
Verifying Users Through Hardware
This is where the human element comes in. Phishing-resistant authentication requires you to prove you are physically present and interacting with your device. It’s not enough to just have the device; you have to actively use it to approve the login. This action can be as simple as touching a sensor on a USB security key, scanning your fingerprint on your laptop, or using your phone’s facial recognition.
This step, often called “user presence verification,” is critical. It ensures that a real person is initiating the login, not a remote attacker or a piece of malware running in the background. By requiring a physical interaction, the system confirms the session is legitimate and authorized by you in that exact moment. It’s a simple but powerful defense against automated attacks.
Securing Logins with Origin Binding
Origin binding is the feature that makes this method truly resistant to phishing. When you first register your device, its cryptographic key is permanently tied to the specific domain name of that website, like yourbank.com. Think of it as a digital passport that only works for a single destination.
If you’re tricked into clicking a link to a fake website, like yourbank-secure.com, your browser and device will immediately spot the mismatch. Because the fraudulent site’s domain doesn’t match the one stored in your credential, your authenticator won’t even offer to sign the login request. This is why government agencies like CISA are implementing phishing-resistant MFA to protect critical systems. The technology protects you even if you’re momentarily fooled, as your hardware simply cannot be tricked.
What Technologies Power Phishing-Resistant Authentication?
Phishing-resistant authentication isn’t based on a single piece of technology. Instead, it relies on a combination of open standards, specialized hardware, and cryptographic methods that work together to create a secure login experience. These technologies are designed to verify your identity in a way that can’t be easily intercepted or faked by an attacker. While some of these concepts might sound complex, the user experience is often simpler and faster than typing a password, which is a win for both security teams and employees.
The core principle behind these technologies is moving away from shared secrets, like passwords, that can be stolen and toward unphishable credentials that are unique to you and your device. As a result, organizations are actively adopting phishing-resistant methods like WebAuthn, FIDO2 keys, and smart cards. These aren’t niche solutions anymore; they’re becoming mainstream enterprise authentication methods that build a strong foundation for security. By verifying a user through something they have (a physical key) and something they are (a biometric), these systems create a chain of trust that is incredibly difficult for attackers to break. Let’s look at the three main technologies that make this possible.
FIDO2 and WebAuthn Standards
Think of FIDO2 and WebAuthn as the universal rulebook for secure, passwordless logins. They are open standards that allow your devices, from your laptop to your phone, to communicate securely with websites and applications. WebAuthn is the component that lets your web browser use built-in authenticators (like Face ID or Windows Hello) or external security keys.
FIDO2 is the overarching project from the FIDO Alliance that includes WebAuthn. Together, they use public-key cryptography to prove your identity without ever sending a secret over the internet. This framework is what enables you to log in to an account with just a fingerprint or a physical key, making the process both easier and far more secure than traditional methods.
Smart Cards and Hardware Security Keys
Smart cards and hardware security keys are physical devices you use to authenticate your identity. A hardware security key, like a YubiKey, often looks like a small USB drive. A smart card is similar to a credit card with an embedded chip. To log in, you insert, plug in, or tap the device and then verify your presence, usually by touching a button or providing a fingerprint.
These devices securely store your private cryptographic key, and it never leaves the hardware. This is critical because it means a phishing site can’t trick you into revealing it. This approach builds identity trust into every login, which is essential for supporting modern security models like zero trust frameworks and meeting compliance goals.
Certificate-Based Authentication
Certificate-based authentication is a powerful method that uses a digital certificate to identify a user or device. Think of it as a digital ID card issued by a trusted authority. This certificate is stored on your device or a smart card and is presented during the login process to prove your identity. The server verifies the certificate’s authenticity with the issuing authority, confirming you are who you say you are.
This method is extremely secure and has been a trusted solution in government and high-security corporate environments for years. Major technology leaders like Microsoft continue to recommend using modern, phishing-resistant methods like FIDO2 security keys or digital certificates to protect sensitive accounts and systems from attack.
Why Is Phishing-Resistant Authentication So Important?
As online threats become more sophisticated, the security measures we rely on must evolve too. Standard multi-factor authentication (MFA) was a great step forward, but determined attackers have found ways around it. Phishing-resistant authentication isn’t just an incremental improvement; it’s a fundamental shift designed to close the security gaps that older methods leave open. For any platform where trust is essential, adopting this stronger approach is key to protecting your systems, your users, and your reputation.
Countering Advanced Phishing Threats
Phishing attacks are no longer just about poorly worded emails. Attackers now use sophisticated adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) tactics, creating pixel-perfect copies of your login pages to steal credentials and session cookies in real time. Traditional MFA methods, like one-time codes sent via SMS or push notifications, can be intercepted and used by these attackers. Phishing-resistant MFA is specifically designed to stop these advanced threats. Because it requires a cryptographic link between your device and the service you’re accessing, it makes it virtually impossible for a credential to be phished, even if a user is tricked into visiting a fake site. This represents a genuine shift in thinking about how we secure online accounts.
Meeting Government and Regulatory Mandates
The push for stronger authentication isn’t just coming from security experts; it’s also coming from the top down. Recognizing the vulnerabilities in traditional MFA, the U.S. government has mandated that federal agencies adopt phishing-resistant MFA. This move signals a new standard for security that is quickly influencing compliance requirements across various industries, including finance, healthcare, and technology. By implementing phishing-resistant methods, you not only secure your organization against modern threats but also align with emerging best practices and regulatory expectations. This helps you build identity trust into every login, which is a core component of modern zero trust frameworks and compliance goals.
Preventing Credential Theft and Account Takeovers
The ultimate goal of a phishing attack is often an account takeover, where a malicious actor gains full control of a user’s account. This can lead to data breaches, financial fraud, and significant damage to your platform’s credibility. Phishing-resistant authentication stops these attacks at the source by making credentials incredibly difficult to steal. Unlike passwords or codes that can be copied, these methods rely on a private key stored securely on a user’s device. An attacker can’t simply steal this key from a fake website. This approach effectively stops your login information from being stolen, protecting your users and your business from the costly consequences of account takeovers.
What Makes an Authentication Method Truly Phishing-Resistant?
When we talk about phishing-resistant authentication, we’re not just talking about adding another layer on top of a password. It’s a fundamental shift in how we verify identity online. Unlike traditional multi-factor authentication (MFA) methods like SMS codes or one-time passcodes, which can still be tricked by a clever scam, a truly phishing-resistant approach builds a digital fortress around the login process. It’s designed from the ground up to stop attackers from stealing or replaying credentials, even if they manage to fool a user into visiting a fake website and giving up their information.
So, what are the key ingredients that make an authentication method stand up to sophisticated phishing attacks? It comes down to three core principles working in harmony. First, it requires proof that a real person is present and actively participating in the login. Second, it relies on specialized, tamper-resistant hardware to protect sensitive credentials from being copied or stolen. Finally, it uses advanced cryptography to create a secure, unbreakable link between the user, their device, and the service they’re accessing. Together, these elements create a system where simply knowing a password or having a stolen code isn’t enough to break in, making account takeovers nearly impossible.
Requiring User Presence and Verification
The simplest and most powerful element of phishing-resistant authentication is the requirement for human interaction. This concept, often called “user presence,” means a person must physically do something to approve a login. This could be tapping a security key, scanning a fingerprint, or using facial recognition. According to the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), this physical presence check is a critical step that ensures the session is legitimate.
Think about it: a remote attacker can’t press a button on your desk or scan your fingerprint from halfway across the world. This simple, physical action confirms you are right there, right now, authorizing the login. It effectively stops automated attacks and remote credential theft in its tracks, providing a high-assurance signal that the person logging in is the real deal.
Using Tamper-Resistant Hardware
Phishing-resistant methods don’t just rely on what you know; they depend on what you have. Specifically, they use tamper-resistant hardware to store your digital identity securely. This isn’t your standard computer or smartphone, which can be vulnerable to malware. Instead, it involves devices like FIDO2 security keys or PIV smart cards, which are purpose-built to protect cryptographic keys from being extracted or copied.
This hardware acts like a digital vault for your credentials. When you authenticate, the device performs the cryptographic operations internally without ever exposing the private key to the host machine. This means that even if your computer is infected with spyware, the attacker can’t steal the credentials stored on your security key. This use of stronger methods that attackers can’t easily intercept is what sets this approach apart from less secure options like SMS codes.
Providing Cryptographic Proof
The final piece of the puzzle is the powerful cryptography that underpins the entire process. Phishing-resistant authentication uses public key cryptography to create a unique, unforgeable proof of identity for every single login. When you register your security key with a service, it creates a pair of linked keys: a public key that the service stores and a private key that never leaves your hardware device.
During login, the service sends a challenge, and your device uses its private key to sign it, creating a cryptographic signature. The service then verifies this signature with your public key. This process proves you have the legitimate device and ensures the connection is secure. Crucially, this “handshake” is bound to the website’s true origin, meaning it will only work with the real site, not a convincing fake. This cryptographic proof is the technical backbone that makes the system immune to phishing.
How to Implement Phishing-Resistant Authentication
Making the switch to phishing-resistant authentication is a significant project, but you don’t have to do it all at once. A thoughtful, phased approach will make the transition smoother for everyone, from your IT team to your end-users. Think of it as a strategic upgrade to your organization’s front door, replacing a simple lock with a modern, intelligent security system.
The key is to break the process down into manageable steps. By starting with a clear plan, choosing the right tools, and bringing your team along for the ride, you can build a stronger defense against account takeovers and credential theft. This isn’t just about adding another layer of security; it’s about creating a foundation of trust for every single login. Let’s walk through how you can get it done.
Start with a Plan and Assessment
Before you roll out any new technology, you need a clear picture of your current security landscape. Implementing phishing-resistant authentication across a large organization is a genuine challenge, so a solid plan is your best first step. Start by auditing your existing authentication methods. What systems are most critical? Which user groups are at the highest risk? Answering these questions will help you identify the most urgent gaps. This initial assessment allows you to create a targeted rollout strategy, focusing your efforts where they’ll have the most impact first, rather than trying to change everything overnight.
Select and Integrate the Right Technology
Once you know your starting point, you can choose the right tools for the job. Organizations are increasingly adopting phishing-resistant methods like security keys that support FIDO2 and WebAuthn standards, smart cards, and biometrics. The best choice for your company will depend on your specific needs, budget, and existing infrastructure. The goal is to select technology that integrates smoothly into your current environment. Remember, phishing-resistant MFA isn’t just a standalone tool; it’s a core component that builds identity trust into every login, supporting broader security initiatives like zero trust frameworks.
Enroll and Train Your Users
New security tools are only effective if people use them correctly. A smooth enrollment process and clear, consistent communication are essential for user adoption. Your training should go beyond a simple “how-to” guide. Explain why this change is important for protecting both the company and the employees themselves. When people understand the “why,” they’re much more likely to get on board. You can also demonstrate the value of these security investments by sharing key cybersecurity metrics with leadership, like a reduction in security incidents, to show the tangible benefits of a well-trained team.
Address Legacy System Compatibility
In a perfect world, all of your systems would support the latest security standards. In reality, most organizations have a mix of modern and legacy applications. It’s crucial to identify which of your older systems might not be compatible with phishing-resistant MFA out of the box. You may need to use an identity provider to act as a bridge or prioritize updating critical applications. By planning for these exceptions, you can ensure a more comprehensive rollout and avoid disruptions. This process also helps you move from tracking basic technical counts to focusing on strategic security KPIs that show the true value of your security program to the entire business.
Prepare for These Implementation Challenges
Making the switch to phishing-resistant authentication is a major step forward for your organization’s security, but let’s be real: big changes rarely happen without a few bumps in the road. A successful rollout isn’t just about flipping a switch on new technology. It requires a thoughtful strategy that accounts for your people, your budget, and your internal rules. This isn’t just an IT project; it’s a company-wide shift in how you approach security and access, and it needs to be treated as such.
Anticipating these hurdles ahead of time is the best way to ensure a smooth transition. You’ll need to get your team excited (or at least on board) with the new process, make a clear case for the investment to leadership, and update your security policies to reflect this new, stronger standard. It might sound like a lot, but breaking it down into these three key areas will make the entire process much more manageable. By planning for these challenges, you can move from simply implementing a new tool to truly embedding a more secure way of operating across your entire company, building a culture of security from the ground up.
Driving User Adoption
The biggest hurdle in any security upgrade is often the human one. People are used to their routines, and any change to how they log in can be met with resistance. The key is to reframe the conversation. As one expert at TechRadar notes, “we must overturn the notion that better security slows users.” Instead of presenting it as another tedious security step, highlight how it makes their lives easier and the company safer. Start with a pilot program for a tech-savvy team to build momentum and gather feedback. Clear communication, hands-on training sessions, and simple, accessible support can make all the difference in turning skeptical employees into security champions.
Managing Your Budget and Resources
Implementing new security hardware and software comes with a price tag, and you’ll need to justify the expense. Instead of focusing only on the upfront cost, frame it as an investment in risk prevention. You can showcase key cybersecurity metrics to demonstrate the value, tracking things like reduced incident response times or a drop in successful phishing attempts after implementation. Presenting leadership with clear data that connects the investment to a stronger security posture and the prevention of costly breaches makes the budget conversation much easier. It’s not just about spending money; it’s about protecting the company’s assets, reputation, and bottom line.
Creating Device and Security Policies
New technology requires new rules. Before you roll out phishing-resistant methods, you need clear, documented policies. What’s the process if an employee loses their hardware key? How will you handle personal devices versus company-issued ones? Your policies should answer these questions from the start. This is also the perfect opportunity to strengthen your overall security framework. Phishing-resistant MFA is a cornerstone of a modern Zero Trust security model, which operates on the principle of “never trust, always verify.” By building strong identity trust into every login, you’re not just adding a new layer of security; you’re fundamentally improving your organization’s resilience against attacks.
How to Measure Your Success
Switching to phishing-resistant authentication is a major step forward for your organization’s security. But how do you prove it’s making a real difference? After you’ve rolled out the new technology, you need a clear way to measure its impact. It’s not just about feeling more secure; it’s about having the data to show that your investment is paying off.
Tracking your success comes down to three key areas: strengthening your security posture, improving the user experience, and satisfying compliance demands. By focusing on these pillars, you can build a comprehensive picture of your return on investment. You’ll have concrete evidence to share with leadership and a clear roadmap for future security improvements. This data-driven approach ensures you’re not just implementing new tools but are actively making your organization safer and more efficient.
Track Key Security Metrics
The most direct way to see the value of phishing-resistant authentication is by looking at the numbers. Your goal is to see a tangible reduction in security incidents. Start by establishing a baseline of your security performance before the rollout, then track how those figures change over time. Key cybersecurity metrics can demonstrate the benefits of your security investments, showing clear improvements in areas like incident reduction and recovery time.
Look for a significant drop in successful phishing attacks and credential theft attempts. You should also monitor a decrease in account takeover incidents and related help desk tickets. Another powerful indicator is a faster time to detect and respond to threats, since stronger authentication makes it much harder for attackers to move through your systems undetected.
Analyze User Experience and Adoption
Security measures are only effective if people actually use them. That’s why it’s so important to measure user experience and adoption rates. A successful implementation should deliver robust protection without creating unnecessary friction for your team. If the new system is too complicated, employees may look for workarounds, undermining your security efforts.
To gauge success, track the number of login-related support tickets before and after the rollout; ideally, you’ll see a decrease. You can also send out user satisfaction surveys to gather direct feedback on the new login process. Monitor adoption rates across different departments to identify any teams that might need more training or support. A smooth, positive user experience is a sign that your security and productivity goals are in sync.
Meet Compliance and Audit Requirements
Passing audits and meeting regulatory standards is a critical function of any security program. Phishing-resistant authentication provides a powerful tool for proving compliance. Because it builds identity trust into every login, it directly supports modern security models like zero trust frameworks and helps you meet strict government and industry mandates.
When it’s time for an audit, you’ll be able to provide cryptographic proof that the person logging in is who they claim to be. This simplifies the audit process and reduces the risk of non-compliance penalties. Documenting how your new authentication method aligns with specific requirements from standards like NIST or CISA gives you a clear and defensible security posture.
Clearing Up Common Misconceptions
Moving to a more secure authentication model can feel like a huge undertaking, and it’s easy to get tangled up in myths and misinformation. Let’s clear the air around some of the most common misunderstandings about phishing-resistant authentication so you can make decisions with confidence. The truth is, this level of security is more accessible and necessary than you might think, and understanding the nuances is the first step toward building a more resilient defense for your platform and your users.
Myth: It’s Too Expensive and Complicated
Let’s be honest: implementing any new technology across a large organization has its challenges. But the idea that phishing-resistant authentication is out of reach for most businesses is simply not true. You don’t have to overhaul your entire system overnight. A smarter approach is to start with your most critical assets and high-risk user groups, like administrators or finance teams. By focusing your initial efforts, you can manage costs and complexity while immediately protecting what matters most. Thinking about the future of authentication as a competitive advantage, rather than just a cost, reframes the entire conversation. Early adopters gain a serious edge in trust and security.
Myth: All MFA Is Equally Secure
This is one of the most dangerous misconceptions. While any multi-factor authentication (MFA) is better than just a password, not all methods are created equal. Methods that rely on one-time passcodes sent via SMS or authenticator apps are still vulnerable to sophisticated attacks like adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) phishing. Phishing-resistant MFA is fundamentally different because it creates a direct, cryptographic link between the user, their device, and your service. Despite this, many organizations still rely on outdated methods. Recent customer authentication stats show that while most companies know passwords aren’t enough, they struggle to adopt stronger, more user-friendly alternatives. True phishing resistance closes these security gaps for good.
Myth: It Solves Every Security Problem
Phishing-resistant authentication is an incredibly powerful tool for preventing account takeovers, but it isn’t a silver bullet for your entire security program. Think of it as the strongest possible lock for your front door. It’s essential, but you still need a comprehensive security strategy that includes employee training, network monitoring, and regular software updates. The goal is to create a layered defense. To see how your security is improving, it’s important to track key cybersecurity metrics over time. This data will show you the direct impact of implementing stronger authentication and help you identify other areas that need attention, ensuring your security posture is always getting stronger.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What’s the main difference between this and the MFA I already use? The biggest difference is that phishing-resistant methods don’t rely on a secret you can accidentally give away. The multi-factor authentication (MFA) you might be used to, like getting a code via text message or from an app, can still be intercepted by a convincing fake website. Phishing-resistant authentication, on the other hand, uses cryptography to tie your login directly to your physical device and the real website. This means even if you get tricked, the authentication process itself cannot be fooled.
Do all my employees need a physical security key? Not necessarily. While physical keys are a very secure option, many modern devices already have the required technology built in. Laptops with Windows Hello or MacBooks with Touch ID, as well as most smartphones with fingerprint or face recognition, can act as authenticators using the same secure FIDO2 and WebAuthn standards. Your organization can decide on a policy that mixes built-in biometrics with physical keys for higher-risk users.
Is this the same thing as going “passwordless”? They are closely related but not exactly the same. Phishing-resistant authentication is the underlying technology that makes a truly secure passwordless experience possible. You can use these methods as a super-strong second factor on top of a password, or you can use them to replace the password entirely. The end goal for many organizations is to go passwordless, and using phishing-resistant methods is the safest way to get there.
What happens if someone loses their security key or phone? This is a common and valid concern, and every organization should have a clear recovery process. Just like losing a company ID badge, it’s not a catastrophe. The process typically involves the user verifying their identity through a separate, secure channel (like an in-person check or video call with IT). Once confirmed, their old, lost device can be removed from their account, and they can register a new one.
Is this difficult for non-technical staff to learn? Actually, it’s often much simpler for the user. Think about the current process: you type a password, pull out your phone, open an app, and type in a six-digit code. With a phishing-resistant method, the login process can be as easy as scanning your fingerprint or tapping a key that’s already plugged into your computer. The technical complexity is all handled in the background, creating a login experience that is both faster and far more secure.